Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer report of the unep technology and economic assessment panel march 2016 decision xxvii4 task force report. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. Ozone is a gas consisting of three atoms of oxygen which forms an ozone moleculeo3. The kigali amendment amends the 1987 montreal protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole in by banning ozonedepleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons cfcs. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Canadian journal of community mental health, 2002, 211. Ozone can be described as a special form of oxygen, where its molecules are created by a photochemical reaction due to the ultraviolet radiation emitted from the sun. The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer what is ozone.
Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. Adopted in 1987, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer legally enforces the phaseout of the production and use of ozone depleting substances chemicals often used in refrigeration, airconditioning, foam manufacturing, aerosol production, and fire extinguishing the treatys financial mechanism, the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol. Turning 30 this month, the montreal protocol was a landmark environmental success that serves as a model for addressing other problems, although it also has some unfinished business. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. One of its most important features is the dynamic process in which the controlling of all ozonedepleting substances is based on the latest scientific, technological and economic information. Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 1 preamble the parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, mindful of their obligation under that convention to take appropriate measures to protect human health and the environment against.
The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 manmade chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances ods. When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, earths protective shield that. Une grille dobservation du discours conversationnel. Thus, amended montreal protocol which was initially conceived only to plug gases that were destroying the ozone layer now includes hfcs responsible for global warming. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Private air law treaties and conventions institute of. Nagoya protocol on access and benefitsharing 5 nagoya protocol on access and benefitsharing e derivative means a naturally occurring biochemical compound resulting from the genetic expression or metabolism of biological or genetic resources, even if it does not. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere, and it is found. The montreal protocol has been both groundbreaking and complex for a number of reasons.
The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere. Further information on alternatives to ozone depleting substances the text of this report is composed in times new roman. The montreal protocol 2014 what changes will it bring. The montreal protocol is signed by 197 countries the first treaty in the history of the united nations to achieve universal. The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. The international treaty called the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol exit is gradually eliminating the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances to limit their damage to the earths ozone layer.
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